http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3429 2025-11-06T07:07:17Z 2025-11-06T07:07:17Z Pothupitiyage, D.K.D. Amaratunge, S. Withanawasam, M.P.K. http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/4632 2022-02-24T05:39:23Z 2015-12-08T00:00:00Z

Development of Vehicle Transhipment in Sri Lanka: Case Study of Hambantota Port Pothupitiyage, D.K.D.; Amaratunge, S.; Withanawasam, M.P.K. Due to the characteristics unique to vehicle transhipment, the Colombo Port is unable to handle much vehicle transhipment, since it gives priority to container transhipment. As an effective measure to ease the long berthing delays experienced by car carriers at the Port of Colombo, Sri Lanka Port Authority has decided to route all such vessels to the Hambantota Port, which is officially known as MRMRP and is now "vigorously campaigning" to make the MRMRP a "preferred transhipment hub port for vehicles". A transhipment hub port is determined by not just one factor but a collection of factors. This study investigates the reliability of twelve such factors including location, cost, infrastructure, other services provided by port, port safety, man power, industrial zone, port connectivity, hinterland accessibility, port efficiency, government policies and international relationships to create a vehicle transhipment hub at Hambantota. Whether a port is used as a hub port or not is solely decided by shipping lines. Thus, this study includes a survey with a sample of shipping companies who are engaged in vehicle transhipment in Sri Lanka. Since vehicle transhipment activities are only being carried out at the Hambantota port, this study has been developed as a case study of the Hambantota port. SWOT Analysis tool has been used to strategically analyze each factor. The most influencing factor to create a hub port in Hambantota has been identified through the weights given by shipping companies. According to these shipping companies’ point of view, the great possibility of converting Hambantota port to a vehicle transhipment hub has been recognized and recommendations have been presented for policy makers’ consideration to take immediate action for the health of this particular industry. The location of the Hambantota Port plays a vital role and in most of the cases, the management is the prevalent weakness of the port. Opportunities in each aspect have not been correctly utilized by the port authorities yet. This study strongly recommends to the responsible parties to make provisions in order to to convert weaknesses in to strengths and to capitalize on opportunities.

2015-12-08T00:00:00Z Hapugoda, S. Hewagamage, C. http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3459 2022-02-24T05:39:22Z 2015-12-08T00:00:00Z

Analysis of the Regulatory Framework for Electronic Money in Sri Lanka: Suggestions for Future Sustainability and Governance Hapugoda, S.; Hewagamage, C. “Electronic Money” which is also known as e-Money or Digital Money is distinguished by definition compared to other forms of electronic usage of money. Stored value or pre-paid products in which the monetary value is stored on an electronic device in the consumer’s possession are considered as electronic money products. Hence, typical debit and credit cards, mobile banking and Internet banking do not fall under e-Money classification. There are no specific regulations or guidelines issued for e-Money in Sri Lanka. Current e-Money operations are mainly governed by Mobile Payments Guidelines No. 1 and 2 of 2011 for Bank-led Mobile Payment Services and Custodian Account Based Mobile Payment Services, respectively. Also, these operations are further impacted by several other regulations in Sri Lanka which are not directly relevant to eMoney. Considering current trends and growth of electronic based transactions and comparing other developed markets, Sri Lanka has the potential of embracing electronic money products. Therefore, it is pertinent for Sri Lanka to develop specific legislations and directions for electronic money. This paper presents a detail analysis of applicable existing local regulations and selected international standards practiced in developed eMoney markets such as Europe, Japan, Hong Kong, and Kenya. Gap analysis for local regulation was conducted in comparison to the summarized international best practices and suggestions were developed in order to address them. As the final artifact of the paper, a framework covering the regulations with eight key aspects covering definitions, eligibility for issuers and process of approval, authority and their powers, customer onboarding and due diligence, consumer and merchant protection, operational guidelines and restrictions, dispute handling and legal framework, technology mandates and interoperability were developed and the operational regulatory process with five main components covering continuous monitoring and improvements were proposed for Electronic Money Regulations in Sri Lanka for Future Sustainability and Governance.

2015-12-08T00:00:00Z De Silva, N.G.V.A. Opatha, H.H.D.N.P. http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3433 2022-02-24T05:38:01Z 2015-12-08T00:00:00Z

Role of Ethical Orientation of HRM in Establishing an Ethical Organizational Culture: A Literature Review and Implications De Silva, N.G.V.A.; Opatha, H.H.D.N.P. Growing unethical behavior of employees in business organizations and its negative impact on the organization, economy-and the society has become a global concern over the past two decades. Hence Growing unethical behavior of employees in business organizations and its negative impact on the organization, making employees more ethical to create an ethical organizational context and its positive impact on the organization, economy and society have received growing scholarly attention in the business and organizational ethics literature. Creating and sustaining an Ethical Organizational Culture CEOC) is a crucial strategic goal for any business organization. Despite its significance in the present corporate environment, empirical investigations on EOC and the contribution of Human Resource Management (HRM) in creating and sustaining an EOC are limited. This paper reviews relevant theoretical and empirical findings of research work in literature from Business Ethics, HR, management, and organization studies fields, in the link EOC and HRM over the past three decades. The main objective of the study is to explore the role of Ethical Orientation of HRM (EOHRM) in making employees more ethical, in order to create and sustain an EOC. The paper discusses this role under four key HRM dimensions: Acquire, develop, retain and motivate ethical employees, in order to create an EOC. Working definitions for the main constructs in the study, EOHRM and EOC were developed by the authors. Systematic review method recommended by Tranfield et al. (2003) with an archival method, was used for reviewing of literature. This paper has a significant utility for future research.

2015-12-08T00:00:00Z Werapitiya, C. Opatha, H.H.D.N.P. Fernando, R.L.S. http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3432 2022-02-24T05:38:01Z 2015-12-07T00:00:00Z

Presenteeism: Its Importance, Conceptual Clarifications, and a Working Definition Werapitiya, C.; Opatha, H.H.D.N.P.; Fernando, R.L.S. As far as Sri Lanka is concerned, the term Presenteeism seems to be a novel concept though it is a concept being currently researched and discussed particularly in Australia, USA, UK and Europe. According to the literature available in respect of Presenteeism, it has been defined by majority of researchers as that employees work while they are sick and few scholars defined it as working of employees more than the time assigned on a particular job. Also in a recent research paper it has been defined as not fully engaged at work. There is increasingly a serious concern of presentee ism because existing literature reveals that presenteeism results in a huge cost and its cost exceeds the cost of absenteeism. Also existing studies show only the cost of presenteeism owing to working of employees while they are sick and if other behaviors of presenteeism are considered, the cost and the hidden cost would definitely be higher. To highlight the importance of presenteeism from employee perspective and employer perspective; to provide a systematic conceptualization of presenteeism; and to formulate a comprehensive working definition which may be useful for future empirical studies of the concept are the three objectives of this paper. Systematic review method recommended by Tranfield et al (2003) and observation method were utilized to achieve the objectives. The formulated working definition hopefully will avoid confusion and disagreement among scholars regarding the meaning of the concept of presentee ism while serving for accurate operationalization of the variable of presenteeism in conducting future empirical studies. This paper may initiate a concern and an enthusiasm to engage in future research studies which focus on the cost and hidden cost of presenteeism

2015-12-07T00:00:00Z