http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10853 2026-04-23T11:27:16Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10919 Cultural and core borrowings reclassified: A corpus-based study of Sri Lankan English vocabulary Ilangakoon, S.R.; Wijeratne, W.M.; Senaratne, C.D. World Englishes/ Varieties of English show variation from British English (BrE) through distinct linguistic processes that highlight their uniqueness. Borrowing is one such process that enhances the vocabulary of a distinct English variety used in a particular country due to the effect of the local languages. Literature on borrowing proposes that they can be classified as cultural and core borrowings. This classification encapsulates the reasons for borrowing words from a different language by its users. The term cultural borrowings denote words that are transferred from another language to fill a lexical gap, while the term core borrowings are words that already occur in the language. This paper, a part of an ongoing PhD study, explores whether this binary classification adequately accounts for the types of borrowings found in Sri Lankan English (SLE) recorded in the Sri Lankan component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-SL). The study first extracted a word list using a corpus analysis software, from which the borrowings were manually selected. This was followed by a Google search for the etymology of the words to ascertain the origin of the borrowings that could help to identify whether they filled a lexical gap or duplicated words that already exist. The data indicated that words were borrowed from Sinhala and Tamil, the two official languages of Sri Lanka, as well as other languages. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes that the binary categorization of core and cultural borrowings should be extended to four categories in order to capture the local and regional borrowings that exist within cultural borrowings, as well as to reflect the complexity of meanings identified within core borrowings. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10918 Effect of Brown Crepe Rubber Content on Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Tire Retreading Compound Alahapperuma, K.G. Natural Rubber (NR) based products manufacturing is one of the main industries in Sri Lanka. Due to high demand of petroleum-based synthetic rubbers, the price and demand for NR have also augmented. Therefore, local rubber industries practice replacement of Ribbed Smoked Sheets (RSS) grade rubber partly with brown crepe (BC) grade of NR in their rubber compounds. Since BC rubber is contaminated with foreign particles such as dust, soil and sand, it is regarded as a low-in-quality cheaper grade. It is reported that certain local rubber industries do not concentrate on the quality aspects of rubber products in adding BC into compounds, since their primary aim is to attract higher profits. This is a problematic situation, today. Since retreading of worn-out tires is a leading sector of the local rubber industry, the local rubber landscape is considerably affected with this problematic development. In this study, the tire retreading compound s based on 70/30, 80/20 and 90/10 ratios of RSS / BC rubber were investigated to identify the most suitable and economical amalgamation. BC content could not be increased more than 70/30, due to non-uniform blending of two grades. Cure characteristics, tensile strength, percent elongation at break, modulus at 300% elongation and physical properties such as hardness, resilience, compression set, age resistance, abrasion resistance and flex cracking resistance were tested for all these compounds with the control compound benchmarked with RSS grade. The best properties were shown for the control compound, and all test properties were gradually reduced with increase of BC percentage. Most of the test properties of the compound with RSS/BC ratio at 70/30 were unacceptable while other compounds were at acceptable levels. Thus, RSS/BC at 80/20 is the optimum ratio for formulating tire retreading compounds with a suitable balance of cost and technical properties 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10917 The Evolution of Inner Self from the Aesthetic to the Religious Stage in Tennyson’s “Ulysses” Bhandari, S.R. This paper explores how the principal speaker Ulysses in Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem “Ulysses” combines the real spirit of wisdom and knowledge with action, following the ideals of Kierkegaard’s philosophy of the stages. The perfect blending of action and knowledge brings perfection to Ulysses’ life. He strives for his existence and inner evolution, which is a quest for real identity. His ideation is that the moment one stops to know something, one starts dying inwardly. Ulysses, a great man of learning, strives for self-transformation, exposing the spirits of existential philosophy, choices, and the different stages of inner growth and advancement. Following the footsteps of Kierkegaard’s philosophy, he passes through the aesthetic stage, the ethical stage, and in his culmination of selftransformation, he attains the genuine spirit of the religious stage. Thus, it remains significant to view Ulysses, as a practitioner of Kierkegaard's philosophy in action, existence, and evolution, proving that when wisdom and knowledge come together, then there prevail glory, victory, and bliss. As a research article in qualitative paradigm, this aims to provide a deep insight into Ulysses’ evolution of inner self, exploring it from the perspective of Kierkegaard's philosophy of existence, choice, and stages. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10916 Utilization of bioethanol generated from papaw peel waste for hand sanitizer production Amanullah, A.; Kapilan, R. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z