http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/8882 2026-01-07T03:55:51Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/11053 Factors Affecting People’s Participation in Home Composting in Moratuwa and Kaduwela Municipalities in Western Province of Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study Fernando, R.L.S. Home composting is considered an effective method in solid waste management as composting reduces the amount of solid waste in the place of generation itself. However, many people are reluctant to adopt home composting for various reasons in Sri Lanka. This study examines the most significant factors influencing people's home composting based on Kaduwela and Moratuwa Municipalities (MC) of Western Province in Sri Lanka. Both Municipalities encourage composting programs in their areas. The study population was the total number of households in Moratuwa and Kaduwela Municipalities. For the sample, 2% (1808 households) of the population (households) from both Municipalities were selected randomly. The quantitative research method was used, and data were collected by using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software with descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the analysis, the study confirmed that market opportunities for compost, social diffusion, access to the garden, higher family income level, local government intervention, and pro-environmental behavior significantly affect people's participation in home composting in both MCs. In addition to that, attitudes for gardening and general concern for the environment significantly affect Moratuwa MC, while health risks and attitudes for composting significantly affect Kaduwela MC for the people's participation in home composting. In comparatively, people's participation in home composting in Kaduwela MC relatively performs better than Moratuwa MC. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/11052 Enhancing Rural Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka Wijewardhana, B. V. N.; Dias, M. M. M. Economic empowerment of rural women is a critical component and a shared goal in all societies. Moreover, it is fundamental to the sustainable socio-economic development of entire countries in the overall process of realizing gender equality. This paper explores how orthodox ideas on women's economic empowerment have changed with the availability of social and economic resources for women. Four indicators have been accompanied as supplement autonomy as capabilities, access to resources, securities, and decision making in shaping empowerment. The study adopted the descriptive design as quantitative and qualitative research methods by considering 200 married women 18-55 in Divisional Secretariats in Monaragala and Ampara districts reported where poverty rates are 25% and 28%, respectively. Data were gathered through focused group discussions, questionnaires, interviews, case studies, and observations. An equal number of employed and un-employed married women in each rural context were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study identified several barriers that affect women’s economic empowerment at the national level based on the data analysis. These barriers are the lack of decision-making power in family matters, attending extended educational needs, unattainable promotions of jobs, a lack of a compassionate working environment, and an increased risk of un-infectious diseases. It was possible to determine that there is no effective and optimistic mechanism to deal with such complexities. Much of the narrative focuses on instrumental gains on what women can do for development rather than what development can do for women manifested through the study. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/11051 Respectful Conduct in Public School Community in Sri Lanka: Exploring the Policy and Program Framework Chandrasekaram, V. In organizational development literature, ‘Respectful conduct’ refers to acceptable standards of behavior rejecting violence, discrimination, bullying, or harassment. In a workplace setting, respectful conduct is ensured by introducing policies on behavioral standards, remedies to address policy breaches, and programs to build staff capacities to implement such policies. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that disrespectful conduct is a common problem in public schools in Sri Lanka, and the school system is poorly equipped to address the issue. Clarifying the existing laws concerning respectful conduct, this article explores policy reforms, remedial pathways, and program mechanisms to solve the problem. The key research question posed in this article is ‘what policy and program initiatives are required to ensure respectful conduct in schools under the existing legal setting in Sri Lanka?’ This research aims to identify gaps in existing policy and program frameworks and propose policy measures to fill the gaps based on the international best practices. The methodology adopted in this study includes a survey of local and international literature on the problem of institutional level disrespectful conduct and appropriate solutions. This study also consists of a policy review conducted by collating the instruments currently being applied in the public school system. Based on the analysis, this study proposes several components of a policy framework, including remedial pathways supplemented by a program mechanism to implement such policies in public schools in Sri Lanka. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/11050 Managing Ghost Workers Fraud on Payroll in Tanzania: A Conceptual Framework Tefurukwa, O.W. Tanzania has made several reforms to improve public service since independence in 1961. One of the major concerns has been to wipe out ghost workers on the payroll. The efforts would improve public service and avoid unnecessary wastages of resources. For decades the payroll still bears names of fictitious and ex-employees who either retired or deceased. Ghost workers have been oozing scarce funds that could support service to the neediest Tanzanians. The situation calls for immediate but comprehensive interventions for dealing with menace to avoid further negative impacts on public service management and the country. The core intervention is to comprehend the nature of fraud on the payroll in Tanzania. Therefore, the paper proposes a conceptual framework for identifying and managing ghost workers on the payroll. The study is based on secondary data. The study used Fraud Triangle Theory, Fraud Diamond Theory, and Fraud Lifecycle Management Theory to construct the conceptual framework for managing ghost workers on the payroll in Tanzania. The framework can facilitate organizations, researchers, and human resources practitioners to analyze initial motives and traits of employees towards unethical behaviors, the probability of fraud on the payroll, and the quality of fraud management systems. In addition, the framework portrays that the fraud management systems must be inherent features of efficient and effective human resources management of any organization that needs and wants to curb ghost worker frauds on the payroll. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z