http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/1143 Wed, 07 Jan 2026 03:59:35 GMT 2026-01-07T03:59:35Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3347 මහඔය ජල පෝෂක ප්‍රදේෂයේ පාංශු ඛාදනය පිළිබඳව භූගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධතිය ආශ්‍රයෙන් අධ්‍යනයක් Dissanayaka, D.M.S.L.B Attached; ස්වාභාවික හෝ මානව ක්‍රියාකාරකම් හේතුවෙන් පස පිහිටි ස්ථානයෙන් වෙනත් ස්ථානයකට ගමන් කිරීම පාංශු ඛාදනය ලෙස සරලව අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාංශු ඛාදනය ස්වාභාවික ක්‍රියාවලියක් වන අතර ඇතැම් මානව ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයන් මෙම ස්වාභාවික ක්‍රියාවලිය වේගවත් කිරීමට බලපායි. පාංශු ඛාදන ක්‍රියාවලිය කෙරෙහි බලපාන ප්‍රධාන සාධක හතරක් ඇති අතර ඒවා නම් ගලන ජලය, සුළඟ, සාගර තරංග හා මහා පරිමාණ අයිස් හෙවත් ග්ලැසියර් ය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාංශු ඛාදනය කෙරෙහි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් බලපානු ලබන්නේ ගලන ජලය යි. අධ්‍යයන ප්‍රදේශය ලෙස මහ ඔය ජල පෝෂක කළාපය තෝරා ගෙන ඇති අතර එය මධ්‍යම පළාතේ නුවර එළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හඟුරන්කෙත, දෙල්තොට, පාතහේවාහැට, දොළුව හා කොත්මලේ යන ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ටාශ පහක ව්‍යාප්තව කිලෝ මීටර් 120 ක භූමි භාගයක් පුරා පැතිර ඇති අතර ග්‍රාම නිළධාරී වසම් 110 ක් මීට ඇතුළත් වේ. මෙම අධ්‍යයනයේ අරමුණ වන්නේ ජල පෝෂක ප්‍රදේශයක පාංශු ඛාදිත මූලාශ්‍ර හඳුනා ගැනීම හා කළාප වෙන් කිරීම සඳහා භූගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධතිය භාවිතයෙන් ආකෘතියක් නිර්මාණය කිරීමයි. අධ්‍යයන ක්‍රමවේදය ලෙස, පාංශු ඛාදනය කෙරෙහි බලපාන අවකාශීය දත්ත හා අනෙකුත් අවකාශීය නොවන දත්ත භූගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධතිය ( GIS ) ඇසුරින් බහුවිධ සාධක සමීක්ෂණ ක්‍රමය යටතේ ( Multi Criteria Decision Making – MCDM ) විශ්ලේශනය කළ අතර අවසන් ප්‍රතිඵලය Google Earth හරහා ද්වීපත පරීක්ෂණයට භාජනය කරන ලදි. මෙම ක්‍රමවේදය ඇසුරින් පාංශු ඛාදිත කළාප හඳුනා ගැනීමේ ( GIS ) ආකෘතිය නිර්මාණය කළ අතර නියැඳි සමීක්ෂණ ක්‍රමය යටතේ තෝරා ගත් ග්‍රාමනිළධාරී වසම් පහක් ඇසුරින් ප්‍රශ්නාවලි ක්‍රමය යටතේ අවශ්‍ය දත්ත රැස් කරන ලදි. මෙම පර්යේෂණය සඳහා ප්‍රාථමික හා ද්විතීක දත්ත යන දත්ත වර්ග දෙක ම භාවිත කරන ලදි. අධ්‍යයනයට ප්‍රාථමික දත්ත ලබා ගැනීම සඳහා තෝරා ගත් ප්‍රජාවකට සහ රාජ්‍ය සහ රාජ්‍ය නොවන නිළධාරීන් පිරිසකට යොමු කරනු ලබන ප්‍රශ්නාවලී සහ ඔවුන් සමඟ කෙරෙන සමමුඛ සාකච්ඡා මගින් තොරතුරු ලබා ගත් අතර මීට අමතරව ක්ශේත්‍ර නිරීක්ෂණ හරහාද අවශ්‍ය දත්ත රැස් කරන ලදි. තවද MCDM ක්‍රමවේදය සඳහා Global Position System ( GPS ) උපකරණ භාවිතයෙන් ස්ථානීය දත්ත ( Point Data ) ලබා ගන්නා ලදි. ද්විතීක මූලාශ්‍ර ලෙස ශ්‍රී ලංකා මිනින්දෝරු දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ 1 : 50,000 සිතියම් හා අනෙකුත් ආයතන සතු දත්ත භාවිත කර ඇත. පාංශු ඛාදන ආකෘති ගොඩනැගීම සඳහා මෙවලමක් ලෙස භූගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධතිය යොදා ගත හැකිය. එමෙන්ම කාලීන වශයෙන් වෙනස් වන දත්ත යාවත්කාලීන කරමින් පාංශු ඛාදනයේ කාලීන වෙනස්කම් හඳුනා ගැනීමට ආකෘතිය යොදා ගත හැකිය. පාංශු ඛාදනය සඳහා බලපාන සාධක වෙන් වෙන් වශයෙන් ගෙන අධ්‍යයනය කිරීම වෙනුවට සියලුම සාධකයන් අධ්‍යයනය කිරීම තුළින් සාර්ථක ප්‍රතිඵල ලබා ගත හැකි අතර ඒ මත පදනම්ව අනුගමනය කළ හැකි හා අනුගමනය කළ යුතු පාංශු සංරක්ෂණ ක්‍රමෝපායයන් නිර්ණය කිරීමේ හැකියාව ඇත. Wed, 26 Oct 2016 06:31:39 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3347 2016-10-26T06:31:39Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3276 STUDY OF HYPERCROTENAEMIA IN SRI LANKAN CHILDREN AND ITS POSSIBLE AETIOLOGY Wageesha, N.D.A. Attached; Hypercarotenaemia is clinically diagnosed by yellowing of the dermal tissue particularly of the palms and soles but not the sclera of the eye. It is reported in Sri Lanka particularly, but not exclusively in infants and young children. This study excludes hypercarotenaemia caused by liver and thyroid pathology and is confined to the feeding of carotenoid rich foods. In this case there are relatively few subjects who develop hypercarotenaemia. In Sri Lanka the carotenoid rich foods fed to infants and children are boiled, carrot, pumpkin and ripe papaw. In the present study an attempt was made to study hypercarotenaemic serum profiles, time course on serum carotenoid profiles on cessation of feeding carotenoids, proportion of hypercarotenaemics in the Westernprovince and the aetiology using animal models. Hypercarotenaemic subjects (n=36) were tested for carotenes III their serum. The carotenoids were classified as a and ~ carotenes, monohydroxy metabolites and polyhydroxy metabolites which varied from 119 ug/dl, to trace amounts, 148.7 ug/dl. to trace amounts, 214 ug/dl. to non detectable or less than 0.5 ug/dl., 822.7 ug/dl. to 7.0 ug/dl. respectively. It was possible to predict the contribution of carotenoid rich foodsto the condition by the presence of a-carotene (carrot), ~-cryptoxanthin (papaw). Therewas no hypervitaminosis due to vitamin A. Longitudinal studies following withdrawal of carotenoid rich food indicated serum carotenoid levels declining at slightly varying rates in each individual, while vitamin A levels were more or less maintained, probably due to the liver 15-15' -dioxygenase activity. Classically hypercarotenaemia is termed to be genetic or metabolic. However, in types of hypercarotenaemia studied it can be predicted to be in some way or another due to genetics. In the present study, identical hypercarotenaemic twins had similar serum carotenoid profiles which may be due to genetics. However, this needs further studies with statistically significant number of such twins before it can be confirmed. Preliminary tests on faeces to study the effect of absorption of carotenoids in the development of hypercarotenaemia with 08 hypercarotenaemic and 10 nonhypercarotenaemic subjects showed that no a and B carotenes were present (LOD = 0.5 ug/dl.) in hypercarotenaemic patient's faeces while the faeces of the 10 non hypercarotenaemics showed 1.53 ug/dl. and 0.7Ilg/dL, 1.74 ug/dl. and 1.0 ug/dl., 1.0 ug/dl. and trace amounts, 1.8 ug/dl, and 1.4 ug/dl., 1.2 ug/dl. and 1.0 ug/dl., 1.6 ug/dl. and 0.9 ug/dl., 1.0 ug/dl. and 1.3 ug/dl, and trace amount and 0.7 ug/dl, of B and a carotenes respectively per one gram of freeze dried faeces. This indicated that the mechanism responsible for controlling absorption of carotenoids III hypercarotenaemics to be deranged which again could be due to a genetic factor. A study in determining the proportion of hypercarotenaemics among pre-school children aged below 5 years in the Western Province showed that the proportion was 1.5%. However, the proportion of hypercarotenaemiaamong subjects fed carotenoid rich food was approximately 2%. This observation was made irrespective of vitamin A mega dosing. Animal studies were designed originally to determine the bilary excretion product(s) of carotenoids in hypercarotenaemia induced Wistar rats and ICR mice with the intention of studying the carotenoid metabolism. This was unsuccessful as neither breed, despite being fed on high carotenoid rich diet, developed hypercarotenaemia. The serum, liver, adipose tissue around the kidneys, bile (in mice), digesta (in rats) did not show carotenoids. However both types of rodents had high levels of a and ~ carotenes in the faeces similar to the human fecal study. This indicates that one natural way of preventing hypercarotenaemia is by controlling the absorption of carotenoids. This study proves that the genes responsible for synthesis of proteins which are responsible for metabolism and/or absorption of carotenoids are not common in the group studied. Wed, 19 Oct 2016 05:02:07 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3276 2016-10-19T05:02:07Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3255 Development of RT-PCR for rapid detection of dengue virus type 1-4 from clinical specimens and a preliminary phylogenetic study of dengue virus isolates from Sri Lanka Velathanthiri, V.G.N.S. Attached; Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever (DF) and its complications; dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It has four serotypes (Dengue 1-4) and is a member of the family flaviridae. It is one of the important causes of inorbidity and mortality through out the subtropical and tropical regions, including Sri Lanka. 1. Patients with dengue need to be closely monitored for evidence of haemorrhage and shock. In order to do this, it is necessary to differentiate patients with dengue from non dengue patients. This however, is a challenge since dengue often presents with non specific symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches. Therefore, it requires an aetiological diagnosis based on laboratory confirmation of disease. In this regard, an ideal diagnostic tool should be sensitive, specific, reliable, rapid, cheap, technically less demanding and it should also be able to detect dengue in the early stages of the disease. Detection of the circulating serotype IS very important In epidemiological surveillance of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue infection is normally based on detection of dengue virus specific antibodies and isolation of dengue virus from patient's serum. Serological diagnosis has been proven to be of less value in the early stages of illness. Current technologies for isolation and identification of the dengue virus are based on complicated systems such as suckling mouse brain or mosquito inoculation or cell culture technique. These methods are technically demanding, expensive and time consuming. The availability of molecular diagnostics such as the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique has made it possible to perform rapid detection of the viral RNA. In this study, I present an alternative design of the RT-PCR technique that can detect and simultaneously identify the sero type ofthe dengue virus. I designed sets of primers and developed an RT-PCR for rapid detection and simultaneous identification of dengue virus and its serotypes in cell culture supernatant and in serum samples. It was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and compared with other standard laboratory diagnostic methods. The test is based on 5 sets of primer pairs specific -for dengue viruses within the nonstructural (NS) 5 region of the dengue virus genome. A universal primer set that would bind to target sequence shared by all the four serotypes of the virus within the NS5 region, are used. The resulting PCR products are detected by gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide. The RT-PCR was developed with serotype specific primers, which were also designed within the NS5 region of each serotype for the identification of dengue serotypes. The amplified products of different sizes were obtained with different dengue serotypes and were detected by gel electrophoresis. The RT-PCR technique is simple and rapid, capable of not only detecting the dengue virus but also identifying its serotype in clinical specimens. The RT-PCR protocol developed by me was shown to more sensitive than virus isolation in cell culture and equally sensitive in detecting dengue virus and its serotypes in serum specimens. It was also shown not to cross react with other flaviviruses. In the preliminary phylogenetic study, I compared the nucleotide sequence homology of the Sri Lankan dengue virus isolates of the present study with dengue viruses isolated form other parts of the world. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed by an automated nucleic acid sequencer on 14 dengue virus isolates (13 dengue type 2 and one dengue type 3). The dengue 2 viruses were most closely related to dengue 2 virus isolated in Sri Lanka and Seychelle in 1990 and 1976 respectively. The dengue 3 virus was most closely related to dengue 3 viruses recovered in Sri Lanka in 1991, 1985 and 1981. Our results suggested that these dengue virus serotypes are evolving locally and any introduced strains are failing to become established. Tue, 18 Oct 2016 06:26:23 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/3255 2016-10-18T06:26:23Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/1387 THE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL OSTEOLOGY & DNA ON HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS AT POTHANA & COBRA HOOD CAVE IN SIGIRIYA Thu, 02 Jan 2014 07:49:59 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/1387 2014-01-02T07:49:59Z