http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9415 Wed, 07 Jan 2026 05:57:22 GMT 2026-01-07T05:57:22Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9421 IMPACT OF LEAVE POLICY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN NIGERIA Kadiri, I.B; Dunmade, E.O; Woli-Jimoh; Isiaka, S.B; Ajayi, M.O; Adeyemi, E.A The study examined the effect of annual leave utilization on the productive work habit of civil servants in Kwara State. Survey design was used for the study. The population for the study is 276 officers who are responsible for job scheduling, job assignment and performance appraisal of all civil servants working in the nineteen (19) ministries and four (4) departments of the Kwara State Government. Census of 276 respondents was adopted as the sample size for the study. Structured questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed as the method of data analysis. The result showed that the variability change in productive work habit of a civil servant is accounted for by the factor of leave policy. The study concluded that annual leave utilization has significant effect on the productive work habit of civil servants in Kwara State. It is therefore recommended that annual leave should be granted compulsory for all grade levels and enforced by the government without an option for civil servants to earn accrued leave balance. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9421 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9420 ETHICAL BANKING, AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL BANKING? A LITERATURE REVIEW Jayasekera, M.A.K.De.S; Pushpakumari, M.D Conventional Banking has so far been proved to be inadequate in providing solutions to socio-economic issues, as their focus is on increasing wealth. This was proven with the world economic downturn in 2007. Banks are losing its Values; there is a segment of society which is still excluded from banking. Banking too has contributed to the degradation of environment. Banks are also under scrutiny by Regulatory bodies and Governments for unethical practices. Therefore, it is necessary to judge banks not only on financial performance but also on its ability to maintain Ethical Values, Financial Inclusion and Responsible Behaviour, hence; a need arose for a new version of banking system which could address issues so far neglected by Conventional Banking. Alternative Banking systems are emerging such as Ethical Banking. Ethical Banking once developed could broad base the banking community. Although many researches had been carried out in the global scale on this subject, there were no researches conducted on this subject in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether Ethical banking can be presented as an alternative to conventional banking. This study is totally a desk research in the form of a literature review. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9420 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9419 SECTOR GROWTH IMPACTS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA Lalanie, P.P India is still in the early stage of development and therefore intersectoral linkage analysis is of timely importance to reach higher economic development levels with a proper institutional set up and policy of the country. This paper explores inter sectoral growth linkages among the agriculture, industry, service, and the export of India and identifies the role of each sector growth in the economic development of the country. Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model based on Johansen co-integration method was employed along with Granger Causality Test in order to examine inter sectoral linkages of India by using data from year 1961 to year 2017. On one hand, it was shown that the agriculture sector had provided a positive impact on the service sector growth with a comparatively large magnitude in the Indian economic development. The export growth also had made a positive link to the agriculture sector growth. On the other hand, India’s industry and service sectors did not make any spillover on the other sectors to stimulate its economic development except their direct impact through their own growths. Therefore, India’s strongest sector in making links with other sectors is the agriculture sector followed by the external sector (export). Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9419 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9416 DOES THE EXISTING ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK HELP TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY? A CASE STUDY ON THE UNIVERSITY OF KELANIYA, SRI LANKA Hapuhinna, H.K.D.W.M.S.K; Amarasinghe, J.P.S; Davinda, D.D.D.D In the current global context, there is a growing interest in streamlining higher education institutions in particular. In this context, this study was aimed at making Sri Lankan universities more efficient. The immediate impetus for this study was the policy agreement of the authorities to make the University of Kelaniya efficient according to the Zero-Defect concept. The study was conducted as a prelude to the university's attempt to adopt a new strategy. This study has a main objective and two specific objectives. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which the existing administrative framework contributes to achieving the goals of the Zero-Defect concept. In addition, among the specific objectives, 1. To identify the process priority that the Zero-Defect concept should be introduced to improve efficiency 2. To calculate the expected effectiveness of introducing the Zero-Defect concept to priority processes within the existing administrative framework. 21 processes of the Research and Publication Unit of the University of Kelaniya were selected for this study. The time spent on each process was calculated in minutes, and on three occasions the same data was collected to obtain an average value. The time frame of the study was considered as one year and the frequency of each process was calculated accordingly. Percentage values and Pareto Analysis were used for data analysis, while tables, charts and graphics were used for data presentation. This study confirmed that 72% of the time spent on the research and publishing unit's operations depends on uncontrollable factors. It was further established that the maximum effect on controllable factors to increase efficiency was 38%. This study further highlights the need for further studies to minimize the impact of uncontrollable factors as much as possible to increase unit efficiency. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/9416 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z