Angle-Aware Greedy Forwarding Algorithm for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) gives good forwarding nodes for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) but does not provide the right directional forwarding nodes in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). This is the fact that MANET uses the nodes without limitations in moving but VANET uses fixed infrastructure in mobility such as roads with lanes. The key of original greedy forwarding is to choose the forwarding node with the shortest distance between the source and the destination. As it does not consider the direction of the forwarding nodes, it wrongly selects a forwarding node, which is going in the opposite direction from the destination. Thus, This paper tries to improve the greedy forwarding method, called angle-aware greedy forwarding algorithm of GPSR by taking into considerations in both the distance and the direction. Moreover, it shows the mystery of angle that gives the right direction. The optimized GPSR (OGPSR) using angle-aware greedy forwarding provides the better throughput, average end-to-end delay and routing overheads than the original GPSR.